ارزیابی عملکرد سایه‌ و تابش حیاط‌های مرکزی خانه‌های سنتی در اقلیم گرم و خشک شهر یزد

نویسندگان

1 استادیار معماری - دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی

2 کارشناس ارشد معماری - دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی

چکیده

حیاط‌ مرکزی به‌عنوان یک الگوی بومی و سامانه­ی سرمایشی غیرفعال بر آسایش حرارتی خانه‌های سنتی مناطق گرم و خشک و گرم و مرطوب تأثیرگذار است. هدف این تحقیق، بررسی سازگاری اقلیمی حیاط‌های مرکزی خانه‌های سنتی بر اساس بهره‌مندی از سایه و تابش خورشید در اقلیم گرم و خشک شهر یزد است. بدین منظور، ده نمونه از حیاط‌های مرکزی خانه‌‌های سنتی انتخاب و توسط نرم‌افزار اکوتکت آنالیزور مدل‌سازی گردید. سپس میانگین میزان سایه‌اندازی و دریافت تابش سطوح هم‌جوار حیاط‌های مرکزی برای تمام ماه‌های سال محاسبه و شاخص سایه-تابش سطوح در دوره‌های گرم، سرد و سالیانه‌ استخراج گردید. به‌این‌ترتیب، میزان سازگاری اقلیمی حیاط‌های مرکزی و رابطه­ی بین تناسبات هندسی سطوح هم‌جوار حیاط‌های مرکزی و شاخص‌های سایه-تابش مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان می‌دهد که میانگین سالیانه‌ی شاخص سایه-تابش جداره‌ها، کف و کل سطوح حیاط‌های مرکزی موردمطالعه به‌ ترتیب برابر 56، 44 و 51 درصد است. بر همین اساس جداره‌ها، کف و کل سطوح حیاط‌های مرکزی دارای سازگاری متوسط با اقلیم شهر یزد می‌باشند. رابطه­ی همبستگی بین تناسبات ابعادی و زاویه‌ی انحراف حیاط مرکزی با شاخص‌ سایه-تابش نشان می‌دهد که با افزایش نسبت‌ L/W و H/W و کاهش زاویه‌ی انحراف، میزان شاخص سایه-تابش جداره‌ها کاهش و برخلاف آن، شاخص کف و کل سطوح افزایش می‌یابد. هم‌چنین با افزایش نسبت‌ H/L و کاهش زاویه‌ی انحراف، میزان شاخص سایه-تابش جداره‌ها و کل سطوح کاهش و شاخص سایه- تابش کف حیاط مرکزی افزایش می‌یابد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluating the shading and sunlit performance of the courtyards of traditional houses in hot-dry climate of Yazd city(Iran)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hassan Akbari 1
  • Sepideh Moradi Cherati 2
1 Assistant professor of architecture - Mohaghegh Ardabili University
2 Master of Architecture - Mohaghegh Ardabili University
چکیده [English]

Courtyard, as a domestic pattern and a passive cooling system, affects thermal comfort of traditional courtyard houses in hot- dry and hot- humid regions. The aim of this research is to investigate the climate compatibility of courtyards of traditional houses based on shading and sunlit use in hot-dry climate of Yazd city; for this purpose, ten traditional courtyard houses were selected and modeled by Ecotect Analysis software. Afterwards, the average amount of shading and received sunlit by surrounding surfaces of the courtyards were calculated for all months of the year and the amount of shading-sunlit index was extracted for hot, cold and annual periods and therefore the degree of climate compatibility of the courtyards and the relationship between the geometric proportions of surrounding surfaces and shading-sunlit index were investigated. The results show that the annual average of the shading-sunlit index of the walls, floor and all surfaces of studied courtyards are 56%, 44% and 51%, respectively. Accordingly the walls, floor and the whole surfaces of the studied courtyards have an average amount of compatibility with the climate of Yazd city.
The correlation between aspect ratios and the deviation angle of the courtyards and the shading-sunlit index, shows that by increasing the ratios of L/W and H/W and decreasing the deviation angle, the amount of walls shading-sunlit index decreases, an on the contrary, the amount of the courtyard floor index and the whole surfaces index increase. Furthermore, as the ratio of H/L increases and the deviation angle decreases, the amount of shading-sunlit index of the walls and the whole surfaces decrease and the courtyard floor index increases.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Climate compatibility
  • Shading-sunlit index (Ish-sl)
  • Courtyard of traditional houses
  • Yazd city

مراجع

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