غربالگری عوامل محیطی مؤثر بر حس مکان در مجموعه‌های مسکونی‌ شهر اهواز

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، دانشکده‌ی عمران، هنر و معماری، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، تهران، ایران،

2 دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، دانشکده‌ی عمران، هنر و معماری، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، تهران، ایران

چکیده

در دنیای امروز با توجه به بالا رفتن میزان استفاده از تکنولوژی و کمّی شدن معیارها، نابسامانی‌ها و حفره‌های معنایی در زندگی اجتماعی، مجموعه‌های مسکونی موجود در شهرهای بزرگ فاقد روحیه و احساس مکانی می‌باشند؛ بنابراین پژوهش حاضر با هدف شناسایی میزان اهمیت اثر هر یک از عوامل محیطی مؤثر بر حس مکان در مجموعه‌های مسکونی شهر اهواز با توجه به دو نوع رویکرد طراحی است. روش تحقیق از نوع توصیفی-تحلیلی و از نوع غربالگری است که بدین منظور با تحلیل اسنادی و مطالعات کتابخانه‌ی از مقالات و کتب، عوامل محیطی مؤثر بر حاکم در حس مکان استخراج گردید و سپس پرسشنامه‌ای برای بررسی سهم هر مؤلفه از نظر ساکنین و غربالگری در عوامل محیطی مؤثر بر حس مکان مجموعه‌ی مسکونی نیوساید و جندی‌شاپور صورت پذیرفت و از تکنیک دلفی فازی و نرم‌افزار MATLAB استفاده شد. نتایج تحقیق نشان می‌دهد که در مبلمان شهری، نورپردازی با مقدار 77/0 و درجه‌ی عضویت H بیش‌ترین و سطل زباله‌ها با مقدار 21/0 و درجه‌ی عضویت VL کم‌ترین و قابلیت حذف را دارد. در عناصر صلب فضاها، اِلمان‌ها با مقدار 89/0 و درجه‌ی عضویت VH بیش‌ترین است. در فضاهای طبیعی، آب‌نما با مقدار 85/0 و درجه‌ی عضویت VH می‌باشد. در جداره‌ها، تابلوها با مقدار 87/0 و درجه‌ی عضویت VH و درها با مقدار 37/0 و درجه‌ی عضویت L کم‌ترین می‌باشد. در منظر، چشم‌انداز طبیعی با مقدار 88/0 و درجه‌ی عضویت VH و خط آسمان با مقدار 21/0 و درجه‌ی عضویت VL کم‌ترین است. از مبلمان شهری، سطل زباله‌ها از دسته‌ی VL؛ از کف، شیب زمین در دسته‌ی L؛ از فضای طبیعی، درخت در دسته‌ی L؛ از جداره‌ها از دسته‌ی درها از دسته‌ی L و سکوهای بصری از دسته‌ی VL می‌باشد. از منظر عمق، دید و نقاط ضعف از دسته‌ی L و خط آسمان از دسته‌ی VL می‌باشند و از کیفیت فضا، رنگ از دسته‌ی L می‌باشد و قابلیت حذف شدن را دارند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Screening of environmental factors affecting the sense of place in residential complexes of Ahvaz

نویسندگان [English]

  • Akbar Mousaei joo 1
  • Hamid Majedi 2
  • Hossein Zabihi 2
1
2
چکیده [English]

In today's world, due to the increasing use of technology and the decrease of criteria, disorders and semantic holes in social life, residential complexes in large cities lack the spirit and sense of place, this study aims to identify the importance of the effect of each factor. Environment is effective on the sense of place in residential complexes of Ahvaz according to two types of design approaches. The research method is descriptive-analytical and screening. For this purpose, by document analysis and library studies of articles and books, environmental factors affecting the sense of place were extracted and then a questionnaire to assess the share of each component in terms of residents and screening in Environmental factors affecting the sense of location of New Side and Jundishapur residential complex were performed and fuzzy Delphi technique and MATLAB software were used. The results show that in urban furniture, lighting with a value of 0.77 and a degree of H membership has the highest and trash with a value of 0.21 and a degree of VL membership has the lowest and can be removed. In rigid elements of spaces, the elements with the value of 0.89 and the degree of VH membership are the highest. In natural spaces, the waterfall has a value of 0.85 and a degree of VH membership. In the walls, the panels with the value of 0.87 and the degree of VH membership and the doors with the value of 0.37 and the degree of membership L are the lowest. In the landscape, the natural landscape is the lowest with a value of 0.88 and the degree of VH membership and the skyline is the lowest with a value of 0.21 and the degree of VL membership. From urban furniture, trash cans are from VL category, from the floor, slope of the ground is in L category, from natural space, tree is in L category, from walls are from doors category L, visual platforms are from VL category. In terms of depth of vision and weaknesses of the L category, the sky line is of the VL category and the quality of the color space is of the L category and can be removed.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Screening
  • Sense of Place
  • Residential Complexes
  • Fuzzy Delphi
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Is it really a social construction? The construction of the physical environment to sense of place. Society & Natural Resources, 16(8): 671-685. Stedman. R. (2016). Toward a Social Psychology of Place- Predictive Behavior from Place-based Cognitions. Attitudes and Identity, Environmental Behavior, No. 34, 561-581. Steele, F. (1981). The Sense of Place, Boston, CBI Publishing Company, Boston. Stefanovic, I. L. (1998). Phenomenological Encounters with Place: Cavtat to Square One, Journal of Environmental Psychology. No. 18: 31-44. Stone Fish, L. & Busby, D. (2005). The Delphi Method. In D. Sprenkle & F. Piercy)Eds.) Research Methods in Family Therapy 2nd Ed., pp.238–253. New York: Guilford Press. Taylor, R.B. (1996). Neighborhood Responses to Disorder and Local Attachment: The Systemic model of Attachment, Social Disorganization, and Neighborhood Use Value, Sociological Forum, Vol. 11, No. 1, 41-74. Tuan, Y.F. (1980). Space and Place the perspective of Experience. New York, University of Minnesota Press. Warzecha, C., & Lime, D. (2001). Place attachment in Canyonlands National Park: Visitors' assessment of setting attributes on the Colorado and Green Rivers. Journal of Park and Recreation Administration, 19(1), 59-78. Wu, Ch. & Fang, W. (2011). Combining the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process and the Fuzzy Delphi Method for Developing Critical Competences of Electronic Commerce Professional Managers. Qual Quant, 45 (4), 45, 751-768. Abdullahzadeh, S M., Arjomand, M. (2013). In Search of the Characteristics of the Iranian House (Based on a Study of the Lifestyle in Traditional Houses in Shiraz), Iranian-Islamic City Magazine, 3 (10), 109-122. Akbari, R., & Pak Bonyan, S. (2013). The effect of the body of public spaces on the sense of social security of bread, a case study: Narmak neighborhood and Ekbatan town of Tehran, Journal of Fine Arts, 17 (2), 53-64. Altman, I., & Low, S.M., (1987). Place Attachment. New York: Plenum Press. Amirjani, R. (2014). A Study of the Architecture of Residential Homes in Ahvaz Oil Town Based on Responsive Approach, M.Sc. Thesis, Tarbiat Dabir Shahid Rajaei University. Bonaiuto, M., Fornara, F., & Bonnes, M. (2002). Indexes of perceived residential environment quality and neighborhood attachment in urban environments: a confirmation study on the city of Rome. Landscape and Urban Planning, 998, 1-12. Beer, A.R., & Higgins, c. (2000). Environmental Planning for Site Development: A manual for sustainable local planning and design, Taylor & Francis Group, New York. Canter, D. (1971). The Psychology of place. The architectural press, London. Carmona, M. (2006). Public Places Urban Spaces. Oxford: Architectural press. Elsevier. Cheng, C. H., & Lin, Y. (2002). Evaluating the Best Main Battle Tank Using Fuzzy Decision Theory with Linguistic Criteria Evaluation. European Journal of Operational Research, 142, 74-86. Chen, Roger B., & Ashok S. (2018). Investigating the impact of Sense of Place on site visit frequency with nonmotorized travel modes. Journal of Transport Geography. No. 66: 268-282. Cresswell, T. (2004). Place: A Short Introduction. Blackwell Publishing Ltd., Oxford, UK. Cross, J. E. (2001). What is Sense of Place?. Research on Place & Space Website, 20 Feb. 2003; 12Mar. 2003; Devine Wright, P. (2009). Rethinking NIMBYism: the role of place attachment and place identity in explaining place-protective action. J. Community Appl. Soc. Psychol. 19, 426–441. Falahat, M. S. (2007). The concept of sense of place and its shaping factors, Journal of Fine Arts, No. 26, 57-61. Falahat, M. S., Kamali, L., & Shahidi, S. (2018). The role of the concept of sense of place in improving the quality of architectural protection, Bagh-e Nazar Monthly, Volume: 14, Issue: 46, 1-8. Harrison, S. & Dourish, P. (1996). Re-Placeing space: The roles of place and space in collaborative systems. proc .CSCW 96. ACMM Press. Hay, R. (1998). Sense of place in developmental context. J. Environ. Psychol. 18, 5–29. Heft, H. (2013). Environment, cognition, and culture: reconsidering the cognitive map. J. Environ. Psychol. 33, 14–25. Kargar, B. (2005). Urban Security, Geographical Organization of the Armed Forces, Tehran. Khodaei, Z., Rafieian, M., Dadashpour, H., Taghvaei, A. A. (2015). Investigating the degree of social security on place attachment from the perspective of adolescents in Tehran, Strategy Quarterly, 4 (13), 45-74. Kudryavtsev, A., Marianne, E., Krasny, Richard, C., & Stedman. R. (2012). The impact of environmental education on sense of place among urban youth, Ecosphere. Kyle, G. Graefe, A. & Manning, R. (2005). Testing the Dimensionality of Place Attachment in Recreational Settings. Environment & Behavior, 37, 153-177. Lakoff, G., & Johnson, M. (1999). Philosophy in the Flesh: The Embodied Mind and its Challenge to Western Thought. New York, NY: Basic Books. Lenard, S., & Kruherst, L. (1999). Art, Urban Space Design and Social Life, translated by Rasoul Mojtaba Pour, Architecture and Urban Planning, Nos. 44 and 45, 82-88. Lim M. & Barton A.C. (2010). Exploring Insideness in Urban Children’s Sense of Place, Journal of Environmental Psychology, Vol. 30, 328-337. Linstone, H. A. & Murray, T. (2002). The Delphi Method, Techniques and Applications. Melbourne: Addison Wesley Publishing Company. Lynch, K. (1984). Good city form. MIT press. (Translated by Hossein Bahrain). Tehran University Press: Tehran. Monem, M. J., Khorami, J., & Heidarian, S. A. (2007). Performance Evaluation of Irrigation Networks Using Fuzzy Logic: A Case Study of Maroon Network, Modares Technical and Engineering Journal, 33-42. Motalebi, Q., Forouzandeh, A. (2012). The concept of sense of belonging to the place and its constituent factors, Journal of City Identity, fifth year. 27-37. Norberg-Schulz, C. (1997). Genius Loci: Towards a Phenomenology of Architecture. New York, NY: Rizzoli. Pir Jahangir, J. (2019). Urban body design of Moallem Street, Ardabil (between Atai intersection and Ghods Square) with emphasis on the sense of collective belonging to the place, Master Thesis, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil Branch, Faculty of Engineering. Poor Ghasemi, H., Moradi, H., Mohammadi, M., & Mahdavifar, M. R. (200). Preparation of landslide risk sensitivity map and its evaluation using fuzzy operators, Agricultural Science and Technology and Natural Resources, Twelfth Year, No. 46, 375-389. Pretty, G. H., Chipuer, H. M., & Bramston, P. (2003). Sense of place amongst adolescents and adults in two rural Australian towns: the dis-criminating features of place attachment, sense of community and place dependence in relation to place identity, Environmental Psychology, No. 23, 273-287. Rapaport, A. (1990(. The Meaning of the Built Environment: A Non- Verbal Communication Approach, Beverly Hills, CA: Sage. Raymond, C. M., Gottwald, S., Kouppa, J., & Kyttä, M. (2016). Integrating multiple elements of environmental justice into urban blue space planning using public participation GIS. Landscape. Urban Plan. 153, 198–208. doi: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2016.05.005 Ralph, C., E. (1976). Place and Impossibility, translated by Mohammad Reza Naqsan Mohammadi, Kazem Mandgari, Zuhair Mottaki, Armanshahr Publications, first edition. Salvesen, D. (2002). The Making of Place, Research on Place & Space Website, http://www.matr.net, (Retrieved September 4, 2015). Sarmast, B., & Motusali, M. M. (2011). Investigating and analyzing the role of place scale in the sense of belonging to a place (Case study: Tehran), Urban Management, Volume 8, Number 26, 133-146. Seamon, D., & Sowers, J. (2008). Place & Placelessness, Edward Relph, Human Geography, London: Sage. Shakibaei, A. (2008). Estimating the elasticity of health care supply using fuzzy logic, Journal of Development and Capital, First Year, No. 2, 149-181. Shamai, S. (1991). Sense of place: an empirical measurement, qazrin, Israel: geoforum. Scannell, L., & Gifford, R. (2010) Defining place attachment: A tripartite organizing framework. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 30, 1-10. Stedman, R.C. (2003). Is it really a social construction? The construction of the physical environment to sense of place. Society & Natural Resources, 16(8): 671-685. Stedman. R. (2016). Toward a Social Psychology of Place- Predictive Behavior from Place-based Cognitions. Attitudes and Identity, Environmental Behavior, No. 34, 561-581. Steele, F. (1981). The Sense of Place, Boston, CBI Publishing Company, Boston. Stefanovic, I. L. (1998). Phenomenological Encounters with Place: Cavtat to Square One, Journal of Environmental Psychology. No. 18: 31-44. Stone Fish, L. & Busby, D. (2005). The Delphi Method. In D. Sprenkle & F. Piercy)Eds.) Research Methods in Family Therapy 2nd Ed., pp.238–253. New York: Guilford Press. Taylor, R.B. (1996). Neighborhood Responses to Disorder and Local Attachment: The Systemic model of Attachment, Social Disorganization, and Neighborhood Use Value, Sociological Forum, Vol. 11, No. 1, 41-74. Tuan, Y.F. (1980). Space and Place the perspective of Experience. New York, University of Minnesota Press. Warzecha, C., & Lime, D. (2001). Place attachment in Canyonlands National Park: Visitors' assessment of setting attributes on the Colorado and Green Rivers. Journal of Park and Recreation Administration, 19(1), 59-78. Wu, Ch. & Fang, W. (2011). Combining the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process and the Fuzzy Delphi Method for Developing Critical Competences of Electronic Commerce Professional Managers. Qual Quant, 45 (4), 45, 751-768.