شناسایی و تحلیل پیشران‌های کلیدی مؤثر بر توسعه‌ی روستاهای در معرض خشک‌سالی (مطالعه‌ی موردی: روستاهای حوضه‌ی آبریز دریاچه‌ی ارومیه)

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی ‌واحد تبریز

2 دانشگاه پیام نور تهران

چکیده

سازگاری با خشک‌سالی بنا به ماهیت پیچیده‌­ی این پدیده، وابسته به عوامل متعدد اجتماعی، اقتصادی، زیست­محیطی، زیرساختی و مدیریتی است و فرآیند توسعه‌ی روستاهای واقع در شرایط خشک‌سالی نیز وابسته به عوامل متعددی است که ناشی از شرایط خشک‌سالی است. خشک شدن دریاچه‌ی ارومیه هم ضرورت و اهمیت سازگاری سکونتگاه­های روستایی را با شرایط فعلی این دریاچه‌ اجتناب­ناپذیر کرده است، لذا پژوهش حاضر با هدف اصلی شناسایی مؤلفه­های کلیدی توسعه‌ی روستایی در سطح روستاهای حوضه‌ی آبریز دریاچه‌ی ارومیه صورت گرفته است. پژوهش حاضر از نوع کاربردی-اکتشافی و مبتنی بر اصول آینده­‌پژوهشی است. نتایج یافته­‌های پژوهش نشان داد که از مجموع 67 متغیر مؤثر بر مدیریت روستایی مبتنی بر خشک‌سالی دریاچه‌ی ارومیه، 9 عامل به‌عنوان پیشران کلیدی محسوب می­‌شوند که عبارت­‌اند از؛ کشت محصولات مقاوم به خشک‌سالی، آموزش و مهارت‌افزایی روستاییان، کنترل فرسایش خاک، توجه به تنوع معیشتی روستاییان، اجرای طرح­‌های آبخیزداری، استفاده از سیستم آبیاری بارانی و قطره­‌ایی، جلب مشارکت روستاییان در اجرای طرح‌­های احیای دریاچه‌ی ارومیه، بیمه­‌ی محصولات کشاورزی و دامی در برابر حوادث و مقابله با ریزگردها. در نهایت با توجه یافته­‌های پژوهش پیشنهاد می­‌شود با اتخاذ رویکرد جامع اجتماعی، فنی و کشاورزی اقدام به تسهیل سازگاری روستاییان و سکونتگاه­‌های آن‌ها با شرایط خشکی دریاچه‌ی ارومیه نمود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Identification and Analysis of Key Factors Affecting on the Development of Drought-Affected villages Case study: Rural Settlement in the Urmia Lake Watershed

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Ebrahim Ramazani 1
  • Kyumars Khodapanah 2
چکیده [English]

Compliance with the drought, due to the complex nature of the phenomenon, depends on a variety of social, economic, environmental, infrastructure and management factors, and the development process of villages located in drought conditions also depends on several factors that are caused by drought conditions. The drying of Lake Urmia has also made the necessity and importance of adapting rural settlements to the present conditions of this lake inevitable. The present research is carried out with the main purpose of forecasting rural-based rural drought management in the villages of Lake Urmia watershed. The research is applied-exploratory and based on the principles of future research. The results of the research showed that of the total of 67 variables affecting rural drought management based on Urmia Lake, 9 factors are considered to be the key driver: cultivating drought-resistant products, education and skills of villagers, Soil erosion control, attention to livelihoods diversity of villagers, implementation of drainage plans, use of sprinkler irrigation system and drainage, attracting villagers participation in implementation of Urmia lake restoration projects, insurance of agricultural products and livestock against accidents and coping with micro-organisms . Finally, with consideration of research findings, it is suggested that by adopting comprehensive social, technical and agricultural approaches, facilitating the adaptation of villages with drought conditions in Urmia Lake.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Drought
  • Adaptability
  • Rural development
  • Key Factors
  • Lake Urmia

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