نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله English
نویسندگان English
Aim: This research aims to investigate the effect of different building orientations based on prevailing wind on the thermal comfort of open spaces in a part of Sabzevar city. Additionally, the research hypothesis is that placing the site elements perpendicular to the prevailing wind of Sabzevar prevents the entry of dust, reduces the speed of airflow in the open spaces between buildings, and optimises the thermal comfort conditions for users.
Materials and Methods: First, a part of Sabzevar city was redesigned. Then, according to the direction of prevailing, favorable, and unfavorable winds, Envi-met software simulated different orientations of this part on the hottest and coldest days. Finally, its thermal comfort conditions were compared and analyzed.
Finding: The findings of the current research show that in summer, most of the thermal comfort parameters are better than in other orientations, with the rotation of the site elements by 20 degrees to the east. However, to adjust to the cold conditions in winter, it is better to use suitable solutions.
Conclusion: Based on the obtained results, the research hypothesis is rejected. Because the orientation of the site elements is perpendicular to the prevailing wind prevents the ventilation of the open spaces between the buildings, the thermal comfort indicators do not have the most optimal conditions. By rotating the elements of the site by 20 degrees to the east, in addition to catalyzing the air and reducing its speed, the ventilation conditions for the open spaces between the buildings are created, and the desired indicators are closer to the comfort range.
Innovation: Few studies have been conducted on the effect of the orientation of buildings on the thermal comfort of urban open spaces in arid and warm regions.
کلیدواژهها English
Although the existing literature provides valuable insights into the relationship between thermal comfort in urban open spaces and the physical characteristics of surrounding buildings, fewer studies have examined the impact of building orientation on the thermal comfort of urban open spaces in Arid regions. Sabzevar is located in the northeastern part of Iran, in Khorasan Razavi Province, with a hot and dry climate. The prevailing wind in Sabzevar blows from the east, and it is accompanied by dust and dirt. To reduce the airflow speed and tolerate dust transport, it needs to be catalyzed. Therefore, not paying attention to the appropriate orientation of buildings based on the prevailing wind in Sabzevar can severely affect the quality of urban spaces and reduce their attendance This study aims to investigate the effect of different orientations of buildings based on the prevailing wind on the thermal comfort of open spaces in a part of Sabzevar city. Based on the above, it is hypothesized that placing site elements perpendicular to the prevailing wind in Sabzevar prevents dust from entering and reduces airflow speed in open spaces between buildings, optimizing thermal comfort conditions for users.
To achieve the research goal, first, a part of Sabzevar city is redesigned, and then, considering the prevailing, favorable, and unfavorable wind directions in this city, different orientations of a part of it on the hottest and coldest days of the year in summer and winter are simulated by Envi-met software and its thermal comfort conditions are analyzed. To investigate the optimal design of the study area, three different alternatives are considered in terms of prevailing, favorable, and unfavorable wind directions. Alternative A - rotating the site elements by 20 degrees to the east, alternative B - placing the site elements in the north-south direction without rotation, and alternative C - rotating the site elements by 20 degrees to the west.
In Envi-met software, environmental parameters, including air temperature (°C), relative humidity (%), wind speed (m/s), and wind direction (°) have been considered as input parameters, and PET and UTCI have been considered as output parameters.
In this study, we compared the daily averages of thermal comfort parameters across three proposed alternatives with varying orientations. The studies show that the results of the factors are at the same level with slight differences. In the summer solstice and the courtyard of the central neighborhood unit, in alternative A, the wind speed is higher, and the air temperature is lower than the other two options. The radiant temperature is higher in Alternative B and lower in Alternative A, and the surface temperature is lower in Alternative A. Also, in the summer solstice and on the east-west street, in Alternative C, the wind speed is lower, and the air temperature is lower in Alternative A than in the other two alternatives. In Alternative B, the relative humidity is higher. The radiant temperature is higher in Alternative A and lower in Alternative C. The surface temperature is equal in all three alternatives due to the presence of linear green space in the middle of the street, but it is somewhat lower in Alternative A. The comparison of the findings shows that Alternative A (rotating the site elements by 20 degrees to the east) has more optimal conditions than the other alternatives.
On the other hand, at the winter solstice and in the courtyard of the central neighborhood unit, the wind speed is higher in Alternative A, and the air temperature is lower than in the other two alternatives. In Alternative A, the relative humidity is higher. The radiant temperature is higher in Alternative C and lower in Alternative A. The surface temperature is lower in Alternative A. The findings show that Alternative C (rotating the site elements by 20 degrees to the west) has the most optimal conditions for the courtyard of the central neighborhood unit. Also, at the winter solstice and on the east-west street, the wind speed is lower in Alternative C, and the air temperature in Alternative B is higher than in the other two cases. The relative humidity is higher in Alternative A. The radiant temperature is higher in Alternative B and lower in Alternative A. The surface temperature is equal in all three alternatives due to the presence of linear green space in the middle of the street but is nevertheless lower in Alternative A. The findings show that Alternative B (placing the site elements in a north-south direction without rotation) has the most optimal conditions for this street. Comparing the alternatives in terms of UTCI and PET indices shows that Alternative A is closer to the desired index.
In the present study, the hypothesis was put forward that the placement of site elements perpendicular to the prevailing wind in Sabzevar prevents dust from entering, reduces the speed of airflow in open spaces between buildings, and optimizes thermal comfort conditions for users. Based on the results obtained, the research hypothesis is rejected. Because the orientation of site elements perpendicular to the prevailing wind prevents ventilation of open spaces between buildings, thermal comfort indices do not have optimal conditions. The results of the study show that in summer, most of the thermal comfort parameters in Alternative A, i.e., by rotating the site elements 20 degrees to the east, are better than other options. However, to adjust to the cold air conditions in winter, it is better to use solutions such as planting deciduous trees to benefit from solar radiation and sunlight penetration. By rotating the site elements 20 degrees to the east, in addition to catalyzing the air and reducing its speed, ventilation conditions are created for the open spaces between the buildings, and the desired indicators are brought closer to the comfort range.
The manuscript did not receive a grant from any organization
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
