Aim: This study aimed to assess the environmental health status and analyze spatial differences in the central neighborhoods of the holy city of Karbala.
Material and Method: The data from the 27 indicators were collected through field observation using an assessment checklist tool. The data is analyzed by implementing Moran, Interpolation (Idw), and GWR models in the Geographic Information System and the One-Sample T-Test in SPSS.
Findings: The average score of the 27 environmental health items is 4.03 and indicates that overall, the health and environmental health conditions of the study area are lower than the median (5). The Moran index yields a score of 1.02, indicating a random spatial distribution pattern index scores. In terms of spatial distribution, the environmental health index is lower in the surrounding areas of the Beiolharamain. In terms of the spatial relationship between the distance from the area and the average health index score, the R2 map showed that the two variables do not have a regular spatial correlation.
Conclusion: Three factors underlying the low level of the Environmental Health Index and its spatial distribution in the city of Karbala. First, the hot climate causes the insects and decomposers to be alive on any day of the year Second, the physical structure of the city, which is relatively untouched by cars, causes congestion, low levels of safety, and a lack of coordination and quality of sanitary elements and places in the city. Third, the non-resident population is beyond the carrying capacity of the area. Innovation: The research highlights the need to improve the fabric of the city, taking into account the necessary carrying capacity for the non-resident population, especially during peak pilgrimage periods, in the form of a comprehensive regeneration plan that aims to preserve the city's cultural elements and identity