1. Introduction
Ethnobotany bridges indigenous knowledge systems and biodiversity conservation, documenting the essential role of native plants in cultural heritage and subsistence practices. This research examines the ethnobotanical landscape of Torghabeh-Shandiz Iran - a region celebrated for its rich floral diversity. The accelerating erosion of traditional knowledge, combined with environmental threats including climate change and unsustainable harvesting, jeopardizes this valuable biocultural heritage. Our study systematically documents indigenous knowledge and develops conservation frameworks.
2. Materials and Methods
A comprehensive mixed-methods approach (2021-2023) incorporated structured questionnaires and field surveys with three stakeholder groups: local vendors (n=11), harvesters, and farmers (n=385). Data collection included detailed interviews and field visits, capturing plant uses and threats. Instruments were validated through expert review, with data analyzed using descriptive statistics.
3. Results and Discussion
The study documented 81 plant species with significant ethnobotanical value. Medicinal applications represented the primary use (73.8% among harvesters), particularly for gastrointestinal (24.36%) and neurological (11.99%) conditions. Species utilization patterns showed lavender and mint dominant among vendors/harvesters, while bitter almond and saffron prevailed among farmers. Major threats included drought (52.27%) and overharvesting (29.68%), compounded by knowledge transmission gaps.
4. Conclusions
This research demonstrates substantial ethnobotanical knowledge in Torghabeh-Shandiz facing severe threats. We recommend: 1) participatory conservation programs with communities, 2) sustainable cultivation of key species, and 3) educational initiatives for knowledge preservation. Integrating traditional and scientific approaches ensures sustainable conservation of this irreplaceable heritage.
5. Funding
No external funding was received.
6. Conflicts of Interest
None declared.
7. Acknowledgments
We express sincere gratitude to Torghabeh-Shandiz communities for their participation and knowledge sharing.