Aim: This study examines the spatial patterns of geodiversity within the Zayandeh-Rood watershed with the objective of identifying areas of high ecological significance and notable geotourism potential.
Material & Method: Geodiversity (encompassing the variety of rocks, soils, landforms, and hydrological–geological processes) plays a fundamental role in supporting biodiversity and shaping ecosystem functions. In this research, four principal components were selected as core indicators of geodiversity: lithological characteristics, soil types, hydrogeological structures, and geomorphological forms. The thematic layers representing each indicator were classified using the natural breaks (Jenks) method to ensure optimal representation of internal variability. These layers were then integrated into a composite model to produce a final geodiversity map categorized into five classes, ranging from very low to very high.
Finding: The spatial analysis revealed that more than half of the watershed falls within the high and very high geodiversity classes. These areas are predominantly located in mid to high elevation zones, regions with steep slopes, and domains characterized by complex slope and piedmont units. A substantial spatial overlap was also observed between high geodiversity zones and formally protected areas, including Qamishlu and Kolah Ghazi National Parks. This overlap underscores a strong correspondence between geodiversity and biodiversity-rich habitats, suggesting that regions with diverse geological and geomorphological attributes tend to support greater ecological complexity.
Conclusion: The outcomes of this study emphasize the necessity of incorporating geodiversity considerations into conservation strategies, land management, and sustainable development planning.
Innovation: The methodological framework presented here offers a transferable and practical approach for geodiversity assessment for other watersheds and landscape planning contexts across the country.