شهرهای خلاق:رویکردی فرهنگی در توسعه شهری

Creative cities: a cultural approach in urban development
Extended abstract
1- Introduction
The main issue of the competition is attracting ideas in globalization and information era and cities as centers of nurturing and attracting ideas have central role in this competition. Thus, cities try to provide conditions for appearance of initiatives, innovation and creativity of its residents also attract creative persons . A city should be qualified and have special features to lead to the emergence of creativity in individuals and also to attract creative people from other settlements. This paper tries to study the concept, characteristics and dimensions of the creative city.
2-Research Methodology
The main method of the research is descriptive-analytical method and we used the archival and library method for data collection.

3-Discussion and Results

The Creative City introduced a clarion call to encourage open-mindedness and imagination implying a dramatic impact on organizational culture. Its philosophy is that there is always more creative potential in a place. It posits that conditions need to be created for people to think, plan and act with imagination in harnessing opportunities or addressing seemingly intractable urban problems. The creative city requires infrastructures beyond the hardware - buildings, roads or sewage. Creative infrastructure is a combination of the hard and the soft. To be a creative city the soft infrastructure includes: A highly skilled and flexible labour force dynamic thinkers, creators and implementers. Creativity is not only about having ideas, but also the capacity to implement them. The Creative City identifies, nurtures, attracts and sustains talent so it is able mobilize ideas, talents and creative organizations.
Creative city can be thought as alternative approach to urban regeneration. The focal point of creative city is culture, education and atmosphere of creativity. Creativity is very important in urban regeneration and redevelopment. Creativity is very important in urban regeneration and redevelopment. In this approach, intellectual or creative economy matter. The government is not only involved in urban revitalization but there are partnership between government, companies and NGOs. In other words, creative city is a change from manufacturing economy to intellectual or creative economy and away from central government's approach to governance or collaboration between government, companies and NGOs.
The foundations of creative city can be considered in three bases of economy, culture and place considered authentic urban environments bubbling with lively cultural and entertainment options are magnets that attract and retain creative people. This creative workforce in turn generates wealth in an expanding knowledge economy. To increase their capacity for wealth generation, cities must build culturally rich urban environments by better plans that integrate concern for place, culture and economy.
Due to the importance of culture in creative city, urban planners should have creative approach in their planning and use cultural resources of the city for development. Cultural resources include creativity, skill and talent .They are not objects like buildings but are as symbols, activities and a series of local products in art, services and industries. Creativity is manner of exploit these resources and helps them to grow. Urban planner's task is to identify, manage and exploit these resources.
In summary, creative cities can be introduced with words like tolerance of reception different social, ethnic, cultural groups, power of solving various civil issues, creating an environment to attract creative people, creating an environment to foster creativity and ideas, using the ideas of residents in solving the problems, economic growth and development.
4-Conclusions
Creative cities are centers that accommodate the unique characteristics and provide an attractive environment for living and working professionals, artists, scholars and the generally creative people. Cultures are focal point of creative cities So that other sectors are affected this. The city's economy is tied to culture and cultural resources. Expressions such as industrial arts, cultural industries and creative industries –that it's essence is culture and art – is common words in the economy of this city. The city should be able to attract creative people- like writers, poets, scholars, artists, engineers, etc.- to achieve creativity. They are people who are looking for attractive environments and hence are located in places that might provide the best environmental and the cultural and economic terms. Therefore, the city should provide an attractive environment in physical, institutional, economic, and cultural terms for creativity of residents and attracting skilled and creative people on the outside. There are many characteristics for creative cities.
At the conclusion of the discussions, the following features can be noted for creative cities
I. The power of attraction various human groups with different cultures.
II. Providing suitable context for appearance of ideas and exchange them and finally their use for solving issues and also economic, social and urban development.
III. The asses of human and intellectual resources and creative talents( the creative class).
IV. Access high technology and having a creative economy
V. Special capacity in solving crises such as poverty, homelessness and etc.
VI. Good governance in these cities :so that governance, local government, NGOs and the private sector can be considered interaction
VII. Special role of culture in the various aspects of the city and urban policies and programs and effective use of all cultural resources
VIII. having global - local approach to development : so that this cities have global vision about the potential and inner issues for successful economic compete in the global scale and try to take advantage of their unique features. Because each place has some features that may there is not in other places and this unique feature can be a competitive advantage for a city.