پایش تغییرات کاربری اراضی و تأثیر آن بر روند تخریب زمین و بیابان‌زایی با استفاده از تصاویر ماهواره‌ای لندست (مطالعه‌ی موردی: شرق ایران، دریاچه‌ی هامون)

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه دولتی سن پترزبورگ

2 دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان

3 دانشگاه تهران

4 دانشگاه دولتی زمین شناسی مسکو

چکیده

امروزه فنّاوری‌های سنجش‌ازدور و سامانه‌ی اطلاعات جغرافیایی به‌عنوان دو عنصر اصلی در پایش کاربری ‌اراضی و تغییرات پوشش گیاهی مورد استفاده قرار ‌می‌گیرد. به‌کارگیری این روش به‌عنوان یکی از منابع مهم دریافت اطلاعات مربوط به تغییرات سطح زمین، نقش مهمی را در مدیریت زیست‌بوم‌ها ایفا می‌کند. تحقیق حاضر باهدف بررسی روند تغییرات کاربری اراضی، پویایی پوشش گیاهی و گرایش زیست‌بوم تالاب‌های هامون هیرمند و هامون صابری در‌یک دوره‌ی هفت‌ساله صورت گرفته است. بدین منظور از تصاویر ماهواره‌ای لندست 7 در سال 2006 میلادی و لندست 8‌ در سال 2013 میلادی و در ماه آوریل استفاده شده است. پس از انجام تصحیحات لازم، با‌ ‌استفاده از روش طبقه‌بندی نظارت‌نشده و با تکیه بر خصوصیات طیفی پدیده‌ها در باندهای مختلف نقشه­ی کاربری اراضی منطقه‌ی تهیه شد. به‌منظور بررسی درصد تغییرات کاربری ‌اراضی، هر کدام از کاربری‌های به‌دست‌آمده در سال 2006 به‌طور جداگانه بر روی نتایج طبقه‌بندی سال 2013 قرار داده شد و مقدار تغییرات هر کلاس در دوره‌ی موردنظر به دست آمد. صحت روش به کار گرفته‌شده با تکیه بر پژوهش‌های میدانی انجام‌شده در سال 2010 میلادی که شاخص تعدیل‌کننده­ی خاک (SAVI) را به‌عنوان شاخصی با بالاترین ضریب همبستگی با ویژگی‌های منطقه‌ی معرفی می‌کند، مورد بازبینی قرار گرفت. نتایج بیانگر این است که استفاده از خصوصیات طیفی پدیده‌ها در این نوع طبقه‌بندی صحت قابل‌اعتمادی را ارائه می‌دهد. با توجه به نتایج به‌دست‌آمده، کلاس‌های پوشش گیاهی و آب کاهش چشم­گیری را در دوره‌ی موردمطالعه داشتند و بر مساحت کلاس اراضی بایر افزوده شده است که نشان از گرایش منطقه‌ی موردمطالعه به سمت بیابانی شدن دارد. سیر قهقرایی زیست‌بوم هامون سبب چالش­های زیست‌محیطی متعددی من‌جمله آلودگی ناشی از گردوغبار، از دست رفتن مشاغل وابسته به دریاچه هم­چون ماهیگیری و دامداری و نیز افزایش مهاجرت از این منطقه‌ی شده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Monitoring Land Use Change and its Impacts on Land Degradation and Desertification Trend Using Landsat Satellite Images (Case study: East of Iran, Hamoon Wetland)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Rasoul Kharazmi 1
  • Ali Asghar Abdollahi 2
  • Mohammad Rezad Rahdari 3
  • Mansour Karkon varnosfaderani 4
چکیده [English]

Introduction
Nowadays, remote sensing and GIS technologies are used as the two main elements in monitoring of land use and vegetation changes. Using this method as one the main sources receiving and updating information on the Earth's surface changes, plays an important role in the management of ecosystems. The present study aims to investigate the trend of land use change, vegetation dynamics and the bio monitoring trend of Hamoon wetland between 2006 and 2013 using of Landsat images. After making the necessary corrections, using the unstructured classification method and based on the spectral characteristics of the phenomena in different bands, the regional map of the region was prepared. In order to evaluate the percentage of land use change, each of the uses obtained in 2006 was separately allocated to the 2013 classification results and the amount of changes in each class was obtained in the desired period. The accuracy of the methodology used was based on field studies conducted in 2010, which introduced the Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI) as an index with the highest correlation coefficient with regional features was revised. The results indicate that the use of spectral properties of phenomena in this type of classification presented a reliable reliability. According to the results vegetation and water classes have significantly declined during the study period and the area of bare land classes have been added that show the trend towards desertification in the studied area. The demolition of the ecosystem has caused many environmental challenges, including pollution from dust, the loss of lake dependent businesses such as fishing and livestock, as well as increased immigration from the area.
Introduction
Acquiring knowledge about the health of soil cover and soil plays an important role in managing the ecosystems of arid regions. Access to information for assessing and monitoring ecosystems on a global and regional scale is often difficult and limited. n the meantime, remote sensing knowledge plays an important role in the monitoring and management of these areas, which can be used to determine the spatial patterns of land use and land cover by creating a broad and integrated view of the area. Remote sensing technologies and GIS technologies are now used as the two main elements in land use monitoring and land cover changes. Using this method as one the main sources of receiving and updating information on the Earth's surface changes, plays an important role in the management of ecosystems. The main features of digital satellite imagery are the ability to analyze images based on the reflectivity of objects and ground phenomena. Classification is one of the main goals of satellite image processing processes, with the final result of which is usually the creation of subject-matter maps of land cover with specific land use features. The aim of present study is to investigate land use change, vegetation dynamics and trend of Hamoon wetland between 2006 and 2013 using of Landsat images.
Materials and Methods
After making the necessary corrections, using the unstructured classification method and based on the spectral characteristics of the phenomena in different bands, the regional map of the region was prepared. In order to evaluate the percentage of land use change, each of the uses obtained in 2006 was separately allocated to 2013 classification results and the amount of each class change was obtained in the desired period. The accuracy of the methodology used was based on field studies conducted in 2010, which introduced the Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI) as an index with the highest correlation coefficient with regional features was revised. The results indicate that the use of spectral properties of phenomena in this type of classification presented a reliable reliability.
Discussion and Results
The results were compared in order to determine the amount of land use change. According to the results vegetation and water classes have significantly declined during the study period and the area of bare land classes have been added that show the trend towards desertification in the studied area. The demolition of the ecosystem has caused many environmental challenges, including pollution from dust, the loss of lake dependent businesses such as fishing and livestock, as well as increased immigration from the area.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • monitoring
  • land use
  • Land degradation
  • Desertification
  • Remote Sensing
  • Sistan Basin

مراجع

Barzani, M., & Khairulmaini, O. S. (2013). Desertification risk mapping of the Zayandeh Rood Basin in Iran. Journal of Earth System Science, 122(5), pp 1269–1282. Carlos C., Simon H., & Mc Michael A., (2005). Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MEA), Ecosystems and human well-being: synthesis. Washington, DC: World Resources Institute, Island Press. Chaban, L.N. (2004). Theory and algorithms pattern recognition. Moscow: Moscow state university of geodesy and cartography (in Russian). Dahmardeh, M., Dahmardeh, M., Yazdani, S., & Piri, E. (2009). The socio-economic effects of Hamoon Lake in Sistan region of Iran. J Food Agric Environ, 7(2), pp 799-802. Darvishsefat, A. (1999). Thematic GIS Data based Maps Accuracy Assessment, 5th Geographic Information System conference. Miri, A., Ahmadi, H., Ghanbari, A., & Moghaddamnia, A. (2007). Dust storms impacts on air pollution and public health under hot and dry climate. Int. J. Energy Environ, 2(1), pp 101-105. Mousavi, S.A., Shahriari, A., fakhire, A., Ranjbar Fordoii, A., & Rahdari, V. (2014). Assessment of changes trend of land cover with use of remote sensing data in Hamoon wetland. Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences, 4(5), pp 146-156. Rahdari, G.R., Rahdari, M.R., Fakhireh, A.A., Shahryari, A.R., & Khosravi, H. (2013). GIS-based Monitoring and EWSs of Desertification (Case study; southeastern of Iran). International Journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research, 1(10), pp 1185-1198. Rahdari, M.R., Khosravi, H., & Nazari Samani, A.A. (2014). The nature and origin of sand dunes in Kashan ERG, Iran. Int J Farming Allied Sci, 3(5), pp 597-602. Rashki, A., Kaskaoutis, D.G., Goudie, A.S., & Kahn, R.A. (2013). Dryness of ephemeral lakes and consequences for dust activity: the case of the Hamoun drainage basin, southeastern Iran. Science of the Total Environment, 463, pp 552-564. Salvati, L., Munafo, M., Morelli, V. G., & Sabbi, A. (2012). Low-density settlements and land use changes in a Mediterranean urban region. Landscape and Urban Planning, 105(1), pp 43-52. Salvati, L., & Zitti, M. (2008). Regional convergence of environmental variables: empirical evidences from land degradation. Ecological Economics, 68(1), pp 162-168. Sharifikia, M. (2013). Environmental challenges and drought hazard assessment of Hamoun Desert Lake in Sistan region, Iran, based on the time series of satellite imagery. Natural hazards, 65(1), pp 201-217.

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